D E C I S I O N
VITUG, J.:
In convicting an accused, it is not enough that proof beyond reasonable doubt has been adduced; it is also essential that the accused has been duly afforded his fundamental rights.
Rufino Mirandilla Bermas pleaded not guilty before the Regional Trial Court of Parañaque, Branch 274, Metro Manila, to the crime of rape under a criminal complaint, which read:
"C O M P L A I N T
"The undersigned complainant as assisted by her mother accuses Rufino Mirandilla Bermas, of the crime of Rape, committed as follows:
"That on or about the 3rd day of August 1994, in the Municipality of Parañaque, Metro...
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