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Lourdes D. Rubrico, et al. Vs. Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, et al. [ SEPARATE OPINION CARPIO MORALES, J. ]

LOURDES D. RUBRICO, JEAN RUBRICO APRUEBO, and MARY JOY RUBRICO CARBONEL, Petitioners, versus GLORIA MACAPAGAL-ARROYO, GEN. HERMOGENES ESPERON, P/DIR. GEN. AVELINO RAZON, MAJ. DARWIN SY a.k.a. DARWIN REYES, JIMMY SANTANA, RUBEN ALFARO, CAPT. ANGELO CUARESMA, a certain JONATHAN, P/SUPT. EDGAR B. ROQUERO, ARSENIO C. GOMEZ, and OFFICE OF THE OMBUDSMAN, Respondents [ SEPARATE OPINION CARPIO MORALES, J. ]

G.R. No. 183871 | 2010-02-18

SEPARATE OPINION 


CARPIO MORALES, J.: 

I concur with the ponencia in all respects, except its treatment of the doctrine of command responsibility. 

The ponencia's ambivalence on the applicability of the doctrine of command responsibility overlooks its general acceptance in public international law, which warrants its incorporation into Philippine law via the incorporation clause of the Constitution. 

Under Article II, Section 2 of the Constitution, the Philippines adopts the generally accepted principles of international law as part of the law of the land. Based on the clarification provided by then Commissioner Adolfo...