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Pangilinan, et al. vs. Cayetano, et al.

SENATOR FRANCIS “KIKO” N. PANGILINAN, ET AL. VS. ALAN PETER S. CAYETANO, ET AL./PHILIPPINE COALITION FOR THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT (PCICC), ET AL. VS. OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY, REPRESENTED BY HON. SALVADOR C. MEDIALDEA, ET AL./INTEGRATED BAR OF THE PHILIPPINES VS. OFFICE OF THE EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, REPRESENTED BY SALVADOR C. MEDIALDEA, ET AL.

G.R. Nos. 238875, 239483, and 240954 | 2021-03-16

 DECISION
 
LEONEN, J.:
 
Treaties may effectively implement the constitutional imperative to protect human rights and consider social justice in all phases of development—but so can a statute, as Republic Act No. 9851, the Philippine Act on Crimes Against International Humanitarian Law, Genocide, and Other Crimes Against Humanity, does.
 
The president, as primary architect of our foreign policy and as head of state, is allowed by the Constitution to make preliminary determinations on what, at any given moment, might urgently be required in order that our foreign policy may manifest our national interest.
 
Absent a...